Process for preparing polynuclear isocyclic fused ring compounds, e. g. perylene



1 In Pout de lava-tam "n v mddti reparing polynuciearisojcycliev compounds, more by condensingisocycliccompounds confmethacroleimfand stillino're' particularly to per- JQrniingFthese' reactions in hydrofluoric acid.

There is no. record in the} literature that con ensations oi'theabove typehave beenjper'i'ormed, indeed the impression is j gained from studying efart' that hydrofluoric-acid fisf tool strong a agent to make such condensations 'I'his' invention afaniobiect the provision of (a method tor the preparations of, poly' iuclear -l a c bli i q tiHam i o mnam alphabetagunsaturatedjaldehydef and polynuclear. eom- IQthelr objectswill appear hereinaiteni" I ing invention wherein an: isocyclicjpolynuciear organiecompoundicontaining at least two fused open chain alpha beta unsaturated aldehyde Io! thef'formula v s I j Q Ron :chi-cm) I v 7 v3 whereinR and' R areianyfsaturatedunivalent open chain "residues-e19 "g; hydrogen," falkyl qmen-nuona m I The more "detailed; practice oi' the invention is parts given" are by weight-funless otherwise stated. 'lherekareot coursemany forms of the invention 3 other than these specific embodiments, l- I v l gram e; 1.- er zm mm rio-"mantrasv I; l l- I 1 ls-03mphgm ;flu-gnq j p j a Five hundred; parts o of, practically anhydrous hydroflucaric acidwa's weighed 'into a vessel provided'with agitationandmeansjoi recording the parts'oiacrolein andz ll'l parts oi. Lill-trimethyb at a te perature 01 Q; 'llhefcharge' was agitated at this temperature {for several hours cl' anges duickly to blue andpurple: and v consists raocr-zss' roa PREPARING POLYNUCLEAEV j rsocrcuc FUSED ,BING coMroUNns,

pelsacorporatlon oi Dfelawar-e LpplicationAuiustl-ltfl s n-1.1m;1579224 I "i'romthis crude condensation product by zinc particularly to theg preparation o'fjfsuch coin-' liteast two benzene rings withacrolein or I unds "by means oi thejf condensing action [of ,A'f-i'urther object tymtzpatlm or certain ew compounds" useiul asintermediates ior dyes, I

These objects are accfomplished by the, followe 1 aromatici benzene rings is condensedwith an illustrated by theffollowing "examples; wherein temperature, and cooledto l0-15C.' Sixty seven 7 f -t-h mhan hr ne w added e I period ot about one hour as uniformly as possible;

and then pouredonto ice. Thegreenish precipi,

, tateflwas'fflltered, washed acid" free, washed? with I warm dilute ammonia',-and dried. one hundred and forty two parts or alight brown powder was is soluble in sulfuric acid with green color; which so: a mixturept hydrogenatedperylene s and other condensation; products.v I Peryle ne is obtained 'ps urforr c alaignor to E. I. ,emours uCompannW A dust distillation, by dehydrogenation with suli'ur, or by distillation 'with'=mercury. vaporsr Five parts of the crude product are distilled with mercury vapors ,and the distillate is separated from the mercury-with a solvent, e. g. benzene.

'Perylene melting from 263-266" C.,was obtained when this benzene solution was concentrated until crystallization set in; Its identity was established by analysis, mixed'rnelting point with an authentic sample of perylene, and by its typical color of solution in sulfuric acid. I immplellg-i-Rerylene from 1,1 O-tTimethyZene-Q- hfldroxj phenanthrene I l,t ,10-trimethylene-9l-hydroxyphenanthrene, 23.4 parts,-and.12,parts o'tacrolein were slowly added to a mixture of 0 partsof hydrofluoric acidand 40 parts'oi 100% sulfuric acid at120+25 C. The 'charge was held atthisftemperature for several hours and then poured, onto ice. The greenish precipitate was filtered and .washed acid free. Thirty-two parts of a light brown powder was obtained from which pure perylene can be isolated by any of the methods mentioned in Example I. I

Example II'Ifl-Pefillene from phenonthrene lar precipitate formed in the acid. The charge was then poured onto-ice, the precipitate filtered ,andwashed acid free,' Forty-eight parts of a greenish yellow solid was obtained, soluble in strong sulfuric acid with a redbrown color which changed topurple after'a short while. Perrylene q was isolated by the 'mercury vapor distillation. The distillate contained, beside the perylene,

some benzanthrone. By digesting the distillate fwith cold acetone pure perylene was separated.

'1 P'erylene hasthe structure compound containingfour rings'and having a I cm om of the polynuclear compound to give peryiene which contains five rings. In Example III phenanthrene containing three rings similarly reacts with two. molecules of acrolein to give'perylene which contains flve rings.

Example IV.Benzpvrene from 9,10-dihydroanthracene 9,l-dihydroanthracene, 39.6 parts, was discontains three rings and is obtained from naphsolved in 200 parts of anhydrous, hydrofluoric acidand 27 parts of acrolein added at fa- 0. within about one hour. When about one-half of the acrolein had been added a sample of the reaction mass tested in sulfuric acid showed a red color of" solution with a strong yellow fluorescence. After the addition of the acrolein the temperature of.

. the reaction mass was raised to -20 C. and

maintained there for about hours. The reaction mass was poured onto ice and the precipitate filtered and washed acid free. Fifty-seven parts of a brown powder was obtained, soluble in organic solvents with yellow color and dull greefi fluorescence, in strong sulfuric acid with red brown color and faint red fluorescence. This crude materialmelts from 140-180 C. and consists of hydrogenated benzpyrene and other condensation products. A crystalline material was obtained when this crude product was-distilled with mercury vapors and separated from the mercury by extraction with benzene." The product was crystallized from glacial acetic acid and then showed a melting point of 169-170 C. The product dissolved in sulfuric acidalmost without color showing only a faint red fliiorescence. The picrate formed from this compound melted at 223-225 C. The analyses of the product and its picrate indicate that a benzpyrene had been formed. Thisis probably of the formula as described by Coolret al. in .lourn. Soc. 1933, 395, although the melting points of the product and its picrate are somewhat lower than.

those given by Cook.

Ibis tobe noted that two acrolein residues have condensed with the anthracene nucleus which contains'three rings to give a benzpyrene containing flve rings.

Example V.--Perinaphthindone Seventy-two parts of alpha naphthol and 56 parts of acrolein were charged simultaneously into 530 parts of practically 100% hydrofluoric tified by a mixed melting point with an authentic sample and by its color and fluorescence in sul furlc acid.

'Naphthindone has the mi-mus:

thol containing but two rings.

Example .VI.-C'mdensation of acenaphthene with acrolein Acenaphthene, 30.8 parts, was dissolved in 370 parts of hydrofluoric acid and 28 parts of acrolein added at 15-18? C. in about 10 minutes. After the charge had been agitated at' l5-20 C. for about one hour a flne precipitate began to form in the hydrofluoric acid. The reaction ,mass was then poured onto ice and the light brown precipitate flltered and washed. The product dissolved in strong sulfuric acid with a deep green color. A low melting product can be extracted from this crude'with solvents. It is characterized by its green color in sulfuric acid.

The details given above maybe varied without departing from the spirit of theinvention. The

hydrofluoric acid need not be strictly anhydrous. Moisture is readily picked up by this acid-and a slight content of water is without influence upon the reaction. Condensation still takes .place when the acid is diluted with water to a strength of Instead ofusing' alarge amount of hyfdrofluoric acid, which acts both as condensing agent and solvent, a small amount may be used and other compounds not reactlng with'hydrofluoric acid, such as sulfuric acid, may be employed as the solvent. The reaction temperature may vary within wide limits, e. g., from -45 C. to 50C; The excess of hydrofluoric acid used as the solvent may be recovered by heating the finished reaction mass, either at atmospheric pressure or under a slight vacuum. a While a number of examples have been giv the process is generally applicable to the condensation, by means of liquid hydrofluoric acid, of

an. open chain alpha-beta unsaturated aldehyde v with a polynuclear isocyclic hydrocarbon containing at least two fused benzene rings and alkyl,

halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, and sulfo substitution products thereof and therefore many more open chain alpha-beta unsaturated aldehydes and polynuclear isocyclic compounds than those mentioned in the examples maybe employed in the process of the invention.

Suitable aldehydescoming within the above within the scope of the invention include 1,10-

trimethylene-Q-hydroxy phenanthrene, phenanthrene, 9,IO-dihydro-anthracene,-acenaphthcne, alpha or beta napththol, naphthol, naphthalene, methyl-Q-IO-dihydroanthracene, hydro-benzanthrene, 1-5-dihydroxy naphthalene. ferred'isocyclic polynuclear compounds are hydrocarbons and of these 1,i0-trimethylene-9hydroxyphenanthrene and 9,10-dihydroanthracene are particularly preferred.

Thus perinaphthindone is formed from alpha and beta naphthol, perylene is obtained from 1,10-trimethylene-9-hydroxy. phenanthrene, or

The pre-' v o I .c 1mm, a 3

Phmnf es-c m l m eisioi-meiif 1mm: a 5M which comprises condensing 1,10- iLlO-dihydroanthrmne condensation products "'trimethylene-Q-hydroxy phenanthrene with acroi I ti'irom naphthalene, acenaphthene 1,5-dilein injthe presence of liquid hydrogen fluoride 'g hydro xy naphthalene'hydro en hrene, and? of at least 80%'concentration.=

.i a a 6.- Process which comprises condensing 9,10- wlth regard to thestreng'th of acid u I a v dihydroanthracene with acrolein in the presence for the reaction, thereiisnonoticeable diiierence oiliquid hydrogen'fluoride of atleast 80% con- 97 or 100% HP but reaction taking:- oentration. i place with 80%1H1'at room temperature does so i t vclear-isoc'yclic compounds containing a plurality 'l'hecon pounds formed initially may be otiused rings which comprises condensing a of hydrogenated polynuclear isocyclic com polynuclear isocycliccompound containinga less ds ironig-whichpured'socyclic jpolynu'clear 1., number oi'isocyclic rings, at least two of which benaene'rings, with an open chain 7. Process of preparing non-resinous polynu- The oi hydrofluoric acid makes ons; possible that "could not be performed previously. 1 The reaction taking placegwhileremotef to the reaction bywhich ben'za'nthrone v ffi'ormedflirom reduced; anthraquinones s' v in. the presence of hydrofluoric V V than when the conventionaljcondensing 9. oi" claim 7 wherein" the isocyclic ents'likesuliuric or phosphoric acid are used. polynuclear compound is a hydrocarbon. t is known" that :benaanthrone' is formed. when 10. Process which comprises condensing an iso: phenanthreneis treated iwith acroleingior'glycer cyclic polynuclear hydrocarbon" containing ,at -f;q'; ine])fin5 acid but hithertoit hasvnever least two fused aromaticv bennene "rings-with bee'n' possibleito cause two moles oi'facrolein to ;.acrolein:in thefpre'sence oi essentially anhydrous with phenanthrene ,to'iorm perylene. liouidhydrogen fluoride. I 8imilar ly;itis knownthat bensanthreneisformed 11..Process which comprises condensing 1,10- anthracen'e. "or dihydroanthracene, but a fftrimethylene-9-hydroxy phenanthrene with acrobenz'py'rene was nevertlohtainedby 'an' acrolein, le'in infthe presence of essentially anhydrous'liqcondensation; Neithei-iwas it, hithertoi'possible ,to form univalent-residues oi the class consisting OIIhYGIOQGmISIkYI, and halogen, in the presence of essentially anhydrous liquid hydrogen fluoride. 8. V v of claim 'l' wherein-the'aldehyde is perylene from a benzanthrone 1 7 :product. j The oompoundiormed between acedihydroanthraeene; with acrolein in the presence 'rnaphthrene and acrolein was hitherto unknown! '-.o!'anhydrousliquidhydrogen fluoride. "to the The hydro'genatedvperylene, i .13; of preparing non-resinous polynupyrens',and acenaphthene condensation products clear isocyclic compounds containing a plurality as oht'ained from thecondensation are also new, ot which comprises condensing a othydrofluoric acid is therefore a distirict a'dvancein-theart oi'1 producing'polynuclear above description andex'amples .are, ine.

to'be illustrative only; Anymodiflcation 1 saturated univale'nt residues of the class conor; or variation therefrom which conforms' to the? of hydrogen; alkyl, and halogen, in soluotthe invention is intended to be included tioninliq'uid hydrogen fluoride of at least-30% within thescop'e oi the claims. 7 "concentration; I 1

II-claim: '14. Process oi claim 18 wherein the aldehyde 9,1. which comprisescondensing anisocyclic -polynuclearn,compound containing ,at least i ftwo i-ius'edaiomaticbenzene rings-,withjan open chain, alpha-beta unsaturated *aldehyde oi the 3 tiormula1BCHI=CR'.-CHOnwherein a and R a 1 -.;are,saturated,univalent' residuesoi the. class coni sisting oivhydrogen, alkyl halogenrinthe; acrolein insolution inliquid'hydrogen fluoride oi i neeofgliquid hydrogen fluoride oiatfleast' at least 80%concentration;

80%;canceritration. I fl'l; Process which'comprises condensingLlO- acrol einn' Jessnumber oi isocyclic rings, at least two oi .:which are fused benzene rings, with an openalpha-heta unsaturated aldehyde of the isacrolein. Y

polynuelear compound is a hydrocarbon.

polynuclear hydrocarbon containing at -lleast twoiused aromatic benzene rings with 4 1 s ,1 i ,v le'in in solution in liqui hydrogen fluoride of at of claim 1 wherein the isocyclic polyleast 80% concentration. v a 4 i lq c noun 18 ly ml i i 18. Procus whichcomprises condensing 9,10-

l -ocess'wi' rhicl'i'v comprisesjcondensing an iso cybii'emonnnciea: hydrocar on n I 'lein in the presence of liquid two aromatic benzenerings with acrotration I l a I hydrogen fluoride oi' at IeastBO VnconcentratIon; v i a alpha-beta unsaturatefpldehyde of the formula 1 RCH=CR'YCHO wherein R' and R are satiormula RCH=CRCHO wherein Rand R" 15. Process of: claim 13 'wherein the isocyclic with acrolein' in solution in j a liquid hydrogen fluoride in at least 80% -c'oncenllvProcess'fwhich comprises condensing 9,10

" polynuclear-isocycliccompounds containing a 18, Process which comprises condensing an I trimetlrvlene-Q-hydroxyphenanthriane with new i 

